Web 2.0, 3.0 e… 4.0

Ormai il termine web 2.0 e le sue derivazioni (marketing 2.0, enterprise 2.0, etc) sono entrati nella terminologia comune e tra gli slogan della rete. Molti, (o tutti) lettori di questo blog sanno che Web 2.0 è stato coniato nel 2005 da Tim O’Reilly in suo famoso articolo (la versione italiana dell’articolo è qui).

Si inizia a parlare di web 3.0 (semantic web) e addirittura di web 4.0 (symbiotic web).

Per una brevissima storia del web e delle sue prossime evoluzioni, riporto di seguito quanto scritto dal blogger Cedric Pariente.

Qualcuno vuole contribuire citando qualche esempio di web 3.0?

The web 3.0 is on every mouth. It seems like it’s one of the next buzzes on the internet. What is it? What can we expect from it?

Before describing the WEB 3.0, let’s go a little bit through the history of the web and try to understand the evolution of this living entity that is part of the life of almost everyone on earth nowadays, whether you want it or not, the web is everywhere.

WEB HISTORY

The first question to answer is why? Why was the internet created?

INTERNETWORKING

Communications were very limited before the internet, in distance and amount of data. The basic idea was to be able to communicate between separate networks. Until then, the most used model was the mainframe computer but it was not able to exchange outside of its LAN (Local Area Network).

MIT and UCLA labs contributed a lot in the 60s and 70s to the development of the first “Packet Switching” model. The idea is the cut any data into “packets” that have the right properties to be sent independently, with eventually different routes, that can be buffered and queued depending on the traffic on the network.

The ancestor of the internet is the ARPANET, the first packet switching model. Other famous models were the X.25 and the UUCP.

But the number of gateways was still limited and the next step was to develop a super-framework of networks. It needed to be independent from the physical implementation of each network.

The Internet Protocol was born.

WEB 2.0

The web 2.0 is more a new way of using the internet than a real evolution of its core definition.

Basically the web 2.0 refers to an enhanced way to share information, collaborate, communicate and interoperate. Users become contributors of a website’s content.

It is often linked to the creation of social networks (MySpace, Facebook…), video sharing sites (YouTube), Wikis, Blogs. It is also the father of web based applications. It is the era of RSS (Really Simple Syndication), XML and Web API.

Web 2.0 is also a place where experts (Finextra) or non-experts (Forums) from different horizons can exchange and discuss around a wide range of topics.

WEB 3.0

The web 3.0 is also known as the “Semantic web”.

It includes several technologies in order to arrange and structure data you can find on the internet to make it available and usable by programs and software thanks to a metadata system.
The purpose is to make the web readable by machines and not only by humans.

It starts with the Resource Description Framework (RDF) which gives the specifications of such a metadata data model. It is also the Web Ontology Language (OWL) and notations like RDF Schema (RDFS).

SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) are between the web 2.0 and the web 3.0. Many websites are already using this technology to display animated content. Flash animations are already taking advantage of this technology to deliver advanced animated content without the heavy weight of usual “movie files”.

Even if the definition of the web 3.0 is not achieved yet, everybody agrees on its properties. The web 3.0 will have to gather the following benefits:

• Website or Web Solution
• Mobile
• Universal
• Accessible

The core benefit is that anyone will have access to a huge amount of structured data using software. No need to dig in for hours on the web, on different websites to get valuable information. It will also provide (if well structured) to the “Deep web”. Most of the time, a Google search provides access to the “Surface web” (most common sites with a good Page Rank), but a lot of interesting information lies under the surface.

WEB 4.0

The web 4.0 is also known as the “Symbiotic Web”.

The idea being the symbiotic web is that once the metadata are organized (web 3.0), human and machines can interact in symbiosis. Meaning that we would be able to build more powerful interfaces like mind controlled interfaces for example.

But let’s be clear, the web 4.0 is still an underground idea in progress. There is no definition of it yet.

People also talk about ambient intelligence, webOS, artificial intelligence…

Not even mentioned on the world wide web consortium, I think we gonna have to wait a couple of years at least before seeing any web 3.0 and more for web 4.0. But it’s good to know that there are lots of projects going on in the web world.